Enews269 醫學院課程改革與課程整合之探討~ 醫學系課程整合的原則 Part 2
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'''表四 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine – 醫學系一、二年級學組主題:''' | '''表四 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine – 醫學系一、二年級學組主題:''' | ||
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|5 weeks | |5 weeks | ||
|Anatomy, imaging, histopathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology related to this system with a focus on rheumatology and physical medicine. | |Anatomy, imaging, histopathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology related to this system with a focus on rheumatology and physical medicine. | ||
- | |Block 5 Medical Neurosciences I | + | |- |
- | |5 weeks Neuroanatomy, histopathology, neurobiology, neurology, imaging, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical assessment of the neurological systems. | + | |Block 5 |
+ | | Medical Neurosciences I | ||
+ | |5 weeks | ||
+ | |Neuroanatomy, histopathology, neurobiology, neurology, imaging, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical assessment of the neurological systems. | ||
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|Block 6 | |Block 6 | ||
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- | e. 表五 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine 醫學系三年級臨床必修課程 | ||
- | (Clinical Curriculum) -- Phase 2 - Required Clerkships: | ||
- | Ambulatory Internal Medicine | ||
- | Psychiatry/Neurology | ||
- | Clinical Foundations | ||
- | + | '''表五 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine 醫學系三年級臨床必修課程'''(Clinical Curriculum) -- Phase 2 - Required Clerkships: | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | Inpatient Internal Medicine | + | {|border="1" |
- | Longitudinal Radiology | + | |- |
- | Systems Based Healthcare | + | |Ambulatory Internal Medicine |
- | + | |Psychiatry/Neurology | |
- | Obstetrics & Gynecology | + | |Clinical Foundations |
- | Longitudinal Preceptorship | + | |- |
+ | |Family Medicine | ||
+ | |Surgery | ||
+ | |Continuity Experiences | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Inpatient Internal Medicine | ||
+ | |Longitudinal Radiology | ||
+ | |Systems Based Healthcare | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Obstetrics & Gynecology | ||
+ | |Longitudinal Preceptorship | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Pediatrics | ||
+ | |Longitudinal Primary Care Clerkship (DREW) | ||
+ | |} | ||
- | + | Phase 3 - Colleges & Clinical Electives: 學生們必須成功地完成 Phase 2 Curriculum 才可修 Phase 3。 | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | 2. 臨床主題的整合課程 (Clinical Topic Integrated Curriculum): 於醫學系學程自然地發生的主題集合一起,整合成教學的單元,例如: 分子到細胞 (Molecules to Cells) 、人類發育與構造 (Human Development and Structure) 、宿主與防禦 (Host and Defense) 、腦與行為 (Brain and Behavior) 等。 | |
- | + | ||
- | 2. 臨床主題的整合課程 (Clinical Topic Integrated Curriculum): | + | |
- | + | ||
範例 I. 猶他大學醫學院 (University of Utah School of Medicine): | 範例 I. 猶他大學醫學院 (University of Utah School of Medicine): | ||
- | + | *特色: | |
- | + | #課程的設計是要培育技能高超的醫師,技巧熟練、關心病人、具同理心,且有能力適應21世紀醫療照需求的變化。教育範圍包括主動的學習方式、批判性思考技能、資訊處理能力等。於四年的課程中,醫學生接受基礎科學教育及重要的溝通、病人檢查及診斷技巧的訓練,教學是整合醫學科學、醫學藝術及臨床醫學,以環繞臨床的主題而組成,且以整合模式呈現。 | |
- | + | #基礎科學貫穿於整個學程的四個學年,問題與教材的困難度隨學年的進展而增加。 | |
- | + | #醫學藝術課程 (Medical Arts) 貫穿於整個學程的四個學年,內容包括:confidentiality, professionalism, ethics, communication skills, medical informatics and medical system, economics, humanism, etc. | |
- | confidentiality, professionalism, ethics, communication skills, medical informatics and medical system, economics, humanism, etc. | + | |
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+ | *整個四學年課程分成 Phase 1 (4 months), Phase 2 (18 months), Phase 3 (12 months), Phase 4 (12 months) (如表六),重點如下。 | ||
+ | #醫學系一年級課程包括: | ||
+ | ##Phase 1. 醫學基礎 (Foundations of Medicine): 17週。課程内容爲: Anatomy (embryonic, microscopic and gross,including cadaver dissection)、physiology、genetics、pharmacology、data analysis、metabolism and nutrition)。 | ||
+ | ##臨床經驗 1. (Clinical Experience 1 -- CMC 1)。 此課程爲 10 學生與 1-2 位核心臨床教師組成小組,進行縱貫式爲期四年的的臨床技能的訓練。學習核心基礎臨床方法的知識、技巧、態度與行爲。 | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.1) 分子、細胞與癌症 (Molecules, Cells and Cancer): 8週。整合分子生物學、細胞生物學、遺傳學、血液學、癌症生物學及基礎癌發生學 (basic oncology)。 | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.2) 宿主與防禦 (Host and Defense): 9週。介紹傳染病、免疫系統生物學、身體對病原的反應及抗微生物的治療等。 | ||
+ | ##臨床經驗 2. (Clinical Experience 2 – CMC 2)。重點爲病史詢問技巧、特殊部位的身體檢查、專業的溝通技巧、檢驗的數據與影像判讀、及診斷推理的入門技巧等。 | ||
+ | #醫學系二年級課程包括: | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.3) 新陳代謝與生殖 (Metabolism and Reproduction): 9週。介紹腸胃消化道的病理生理學、消化與營養的吸收、肥胖等代謝綜合症狀、内分泌學、性激素與生殖等。 | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.4) 循環、呼吸與調節 (Circulation, Respiration and Regulation): 11週。教導學生發展有關影響循環、呼吸與腎臟器系統的臨床問題之鑑別診斷與治療策略,所需的臨床醫療技巧及醫學科學知識。 | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.5) 腦與行為 (Brain and Behavior): 9週。整合基礎神經解剖學、神經生理學、神經內科學、精神科學、病理學與藥理學。課程重點在提供學生認識常見的神經與精神醫療問題必須的概念架構。 | ||
+ | ##Phase 2. (2.6) 皮膚、肌肉、骨骼與關節 (Skin, Muscle, Bone and Joint):6週。教導學生有能力去認知及敘述常見的皮膚的與肌肉骨骼的疾病、臨床表 現、病變生理學,以及它們的基本科學的基礎。 | ||
+ | ##臨床經驗 3-4. (Clinical Experience 3-4 – CMC 3-4)。重點爲進階的病史詢問技巧、高難度的的身體檢查技巧、專業的溝通技巧、檢驗與影像選擇、判讀,及診斷推理的進階技巧等。 | ||
+ | ##醫療的重層 (Layers of Medicine)。此課程是一門縱貫的、為期兩年的臨床學習前課程,其目標在培育學生們必備的知識、技能與態度,以提供多元的病人族群富同情心的照護、瞭解變化中的醫療照護系統的複雜度、瞭解如何增加醫療照護影響病人後果、練習倫理原則的醫療告知、分析社會的、經濟的、性別的及文化的因素對醫療照護的影響、發展一正向的專業態度、瞭解及處理個人價值觀與態度對與病人之關係的影響等。 | ||
+ | #醫學系三年級課程 — Phase 3。 (12個月)。重點爲強調基礎科學知識與臨床的、倫理的、診斷的、及問題解決技巧的整合。學生在 University of Utah Medical Center、V A Medical Center, Primary Children’s Medical Center 等教學醫院之家醫科、內科、婦產科、兒科、精神科、神經內科與外科,以醫療照護團隊成員的身份學習病人的處理。 | ||
+ | #臨床經驗 5. (Clinical Experience 5 – CMC 5)。醫學生在醫學系三年級課程結束時,必須通過客觀結構式臨床測驗 (OSCE),才可以升到四年級。 | ||
+ | #醫學系四年級課程 – Phase 4。 (12個月)。 | ||
+ | ##學生有四種途徑可供選擇,1). Acute Care; 2). Applied Anatomy;3). Medical Sciences and Specialties; 4). Primary Care/Rural Practice。學生必須選修其中一項。32週。 | ||
+ | ##實習醫師訓練的預備課程 (Longitudinal Preparation for Internship -- LPIC)。2 學分。 | ||
+ | ##實習醫師訓練過渡課程 (Transition to Internship Course -- TIC)。4 學分。 | ||
+ | ##臨床經驗 6. (Clinical Experience 6 – CMC 6)。 | ||
+ | ##銜接課程 (Curricular Threads):醫學藝術課程 (Medical Arts Curriculum) 以整合10個銜接課程於核心課程為焦點。此10個銜接課程為 interprofessional education, nutrition, women’s and gender health, geriatrics, health care systems, public and global health, medical ethics and humanities, translational research, biomedical informatics, and cultural diversity. | ||
當前修訂版本
高雄醫學大學e快報 第269期 分享園地
醫學院課程改革與課程整合之探討~ 醫學系課程整合的原則 Part 2
醫學院 劉克明教授
表二 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine 人類生物學與疾病課程(“Human Biology and Disease”Curriculum):
表三 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine – 醫學系一、二年級學組表:
- 醫學系一年級學組
人體生物學與疾病介紹(Intro to HB & D) | 基礎醫學課程 1
(Foundations of Medicine 1) (8 weeks) | 心血管、呼吸、與腎醫學 1
(Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Renal Medicine 1) (8 weeks) | 胃腸、内分泌、生殖醫學
1 (Gastrointestinal, Endocrine & Reproductive Medicine 1) (9 weeks) | 肌肉骨骼醫學
(Musculoskeletal Medicine) (5 weeks) | 醫學神經科學 1
(Medical Neuroscience 1) (5 weeks) |
- 醫學系二年級學組
基礎醫學課程 2
(Foundations of Medicine 2) (8 weeks) | 胃腸、内分泌、生殖醫學 2
(Gastrointestinal, Endocrine & Reproductive Medicine 2) (8 weeks) | 醫學神經科學 2
(Medical Neuroscience 2) (5 weeks) | 心血管、呼吸、與腎醫學 2 (Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Renal 2)
(8 weeks) | 整合測驗
(Integrative Testing) |
表四 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine – 醫學系一、二年級學組主題:
學組 | 系統 | 週數 | 主題 |
Block 1 | HB&D 401 Foundations of Medicine I | 8 Weeks | Pathologic processes, genetics, molecular and cellular biology, basic immunology, and critical appraisal. |
Block 2 | Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Medicine I | 8 weeks | Anatomy, histopathology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, imaging, and selected pathophysiological mechanisms plus clinical assessment of these systems. |
Block 3 | Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Medicine I | 8 weeks | Anatomy, histopathology, biochemistry, nutrition, genetics, and selected pathophysiologic mechanisms, coupled with clinical assessment of these systems. |
Block 4 | Musculoskeletal Medicine | 5 weeks | Anatomy, imaging, histopathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology related to this system with a focus on rheumatology and physical medicine. |
Block 5 | Medical Neurosciences I | 5 weeks | Neuroanatomy, histopathology, neurobiology, neurology, imaging, pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical assessment of the neurological systems. |
Block 6 | Foundations of Medicine II | 8 weeks | Basic pharmacology; microbes, host defense and immunity; immune disorders; clinical trials & epidemiology; infectious diseases, including classifica
tion of pathogens & therapeutics; cancer, including classification, causes & therapeutics of other blood disorders. |
Block 7 | Medical Neurosciences II | 5 weeks | Neuroanatomy, neurobiology, psychopathology, neurology, and psycho pharmacology. |
Block 8 | Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, & Reproductive Medicine II | 8 weeks | Endocrinology; reproductive health & disease; breast; GI diseases; gender-specific diseases; skin diseases; common infectious diseases; therapeutics; and prevention, including nutrition. |
Block 9 | Cardiovascular, Renal & Respiratory Medicine II | 8 weeks | Pathology & pathophysiology of these systems; including hypertension, developmental disorders; therapeutics - pharmaceuticals and other treatments; clinical trials & epidemiology; prevention; common infectious agents. |
表五 UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine 醫學系三年級臨床必修課程(Clinical Curriculum) -- Phase 2 - Required Clerkships:
Ambulatory Internal Medicine | Psychiatry/Neurology | Clinical Foundations |
Family Medicine | Surgery | Continuity Experiences |
Inpatient Internal Medicine | Longitudinal Radiology | Systems Based Healthcare |
Obstetrics & Gynecology | Longitudinal Preceptorship | |
Pediatrics | Longitudinal Primary Care Clerkship (DREW) |
Phase 3 - Colleges & Clinical Electives: 學生們必須成功地完成 Phase 2 Curriculum 才可修 Phase 3。
2. 臨床主題的整合課程 (Clinical Topic Integrated Curriculum): 於醫學系學程自然地發生的主題集合一起,整合成教學的單元,例如: 分子到細胞 (Molecules to Cells) 、人類發育與構造 (Human Development and Structure) 、宿主與防禦 (Host and Defense) 、腦與行為 (Brain and Behavior) 等。
範例 I. 猶他大學醫學院 (University of Utah School of Medicine):
- 特色:
- 課程的設計是要培育技能高超的醫師,技巧熟練、關心病人、具同理心,且有能力適應21世紀醫療照需求的變化。教育範圍包括主動的學習方式、批判性思考技能、資訊處理能力等。於四年的課程中,醫學生接受基礎科學教育及重要的溝通、病人檢查及診斷技巧的訓練,教學是整合醫學科學、醫學藝術及臨床醫學,以環繞臨床的主題而組成,且以整合模式呈現。
- 基礎科學貫穿於整個學程的四個學年,問題與教材的困難度隨學年的進展而增加。
- 醫學藝術課程 (Medical Arts) 貫穿於整個學程的四個學年,內容包括:confidentiality, professionalism, ethics, communication skills, medical informatics and medical system, economics, humanism, etc.
- 整個四學年課程分成 Phase 1 (4 months), Phase 2 (18 months), Phase 3 (12 months), Phase 4 (12 months) (如表六),重點如下。
- 醫學系一年級課程包括:
- Phase 1. 醫學基礎 (Foundations of Medicine): 17週。課程内容爲: Anatomy (embryonic, microscopic and gross,including cadaver dissection)、physiology、genetics、pharmacology、data analysis、metabolism and nutrition)。
- 臨床經驗 1. (Clinical Experience 1 -- CMC 1)。 此課程爲 10 學生與 1-2 位核心臨床教師組成小組,進行縱貫式爲期四年的的臨床技能的訓練。學習核心基礎臨床方法的知識、技巧、態度與行爲。
- Phase 2. (2.1) 分子、細胞與癌症 (Molecules, Cells and Cancer): 8週。整合分子生物學、細胞生物學、遺傳學、血液學、癌症生物學及基礎癌發生學 (basic oncology)。
- Phase 2. (2.2) 宿主與防禦 (Host and Defense): 9週。介紹傳染病、免疫系統生物學、身體對病原的反應及抗微生物的治療等。
- 臨床經驗 2. (Clinical Experience 2 – CMC 2)。重點爲病史詢問技巧、特殊部位的身體檢查、專業的溝通技巧、檢驗的數據與影像判讀、及診斷推理的入門技巧等。
- 醫學系二年級課程包括:
- Phase 2. (2.3) 新陳代謝與生殖 (Metabolism and Reproduction): 9週。介紹腸胃消化道的病理生理學、消化與營養的吸收、肥胖等代謝綜合症狀、内分泌學、性激素與生殖等。
- Phase 2. (2.4) 循環、呼吸與調節 (Circulation, Respiration and Regulation): 11週。教導學生發展有關影響循環、呼吸與腎臟器系統的臨床問題之鑑別診斷與治療策略,所需的臨床醫療技巧及醫學科學知識。
- Phase 2. (2.5) 腦與行為 (Brain and Behavior): 9週。整合基礎神經解剖學、神經生理學、神經內科學、精神科學、病理學與藥理學。課程重點在提供學生認識常見的神經與精神醫療問題必須的概念架構。
- Phase 2. (2.6) 皮膚、肌肉、骨骼與關節 (Skin, Muscle, Bone and Joint):6週。教導學生有能力去認知及敘述常見的皮膚的與肌肉骨骼的疾病、臨床表 現、病變生理學,以及它們的基本科學的基礎。
- 臨床經驗 3-4. (Clinical Experience 3-4 – CMC 3-4)。重點爲進階的病史詢問技巧、高難度的的身體檢查技巧、專業的溝通技巧、檢驗與影像選擇、判讀,及診斷推理的進階技巧等。
- 醫療的重層 (Layers of Medicine)。此課程是一門縱貫的、為期兩年的臨床學習前課程,其目標在培育學生們必備的知識、技能與態度,以提供多元的病人族群富同情心的照護、瞭解變化中的醫療照護系統的複雜度、瞭解如何增加醫療照護影響病人後果、練習倫理原則的醫療告知、分析社會的、經濟的、性別的及文化的因素對醫療照護的影響、發展一正向的專業態度、瞭解及處理個人價值觀與態度對與病人之關係的影響等。
- 醫學系三年級課程 — Phase 3。 (12個月)。重點爲強調基礎科學知識與臨床的、倫理的、診斷的、及問題解決技巧的整合。學生在 University of Utah Medical Center、V A Medical Center, Primary Children’s Medical Center 等教學醫院之家醫科、內科、婦產科、兒科、精神科、神經內科與外科,以醫療照護團隊成員的身份學習病人的處理。
- 臨床經驗 5. (Clinical Experience 5 – CMC 5)。醫學生在醫學系三年級課程結束時,必須通過客觀結構式臨床測驗 (OSCE),才可以升到四年級。
- 醫學系四年級課程 – Phase 4。 (12個月)。
- 學生有四種途徑可供選擇,1). Acute Care; 2). Applied Anatomy;3). Medical Sciences and Specialties; 4). Primary Care/Rural Practice。學生必須選修其中一項。32週。
- 實習醫師訓練的預備課程 (Longitudinal Preparation for Internship -- LPIC)。2 學分。
- 實習醫師訓練過渡課程 (Transition to Internship Course -- TIC)。4 學分。
- 臨床經驗 6. (Clinical Experience 6 – CMC 6)。
- 銜接課程 (Curricular Threads):醫學藝術課程 (Medical Arts Curriculum) 以整合10個銜接課程於核心課程為焦點。此10個銜接課程為 interprofessional education, nutrition, women’s and gender health, geriatrics, health care systems, public and global health, medical ethics and humanities, translational research, biomedical informatics, and cultural diversity.